The Subway
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| | Difficulty:3B III (v3a2 III) Raps:4, max ↨30ft
Red Tape:Permit required Shuttle:Required 20 min Vehicle:Passenger Rock type:Sandstone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Condition Reports: | 27 Nov 2025
"Absolutely stunning. Beautiful approach hike. The canyon section is incredible and fairly straightforward. Multiple mandatory swims and the water is c |
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| Best season: | Spring; Summer; Fall
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37.3177, -113.0406
37.3399, -113.0758
37.2847, -113.0959
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Introduction[edit]
This page is for the Top-Down Canyoneering route of the Subway. If you're looking for the non-technical bottom-up hiking route, see: https://ropewiki.com/The_Subway_(Bottom_Up). Note the bottom-up route forms the exit for this top-down route.
This route requires a permit with your entry point listed as "Wildcat Canyon Trailhead."
The Subway is an extremely popular route through the Left Fork of North Creek. The "Subway" proper—the tunnel-like section that gives the route its name—is a relatively short portion of the canyon and can be accessed via this route or the non-technical bottom-up route. From this route, the "Subway" section is preceded by a long approach hike across slickrock that requires route finding; followed by a strenuous descent through the river gorge involving extensive boulder hopping in the watercourse, informal trails with several river crossings, and a steep climb through loose rock out of the canyon to the plateau.
The Subway is often described as a relatively easy canyoneering route—but that description only holds true if you already have solid canyoneering experience. Compared to many other technical canyons, it is on the easier side. But if you're a hiker, or only have a few canyoneering trips under your belt, you should not think of it as “easy.”
This is still a technical canyoneering route. It requires ropes, rappelling, the right gear, and the skills to use them. Because the rappels are bolted, the barrier to entry feels lower, and that gives many people a false sense of security. As long as nothing goes wrong, most groups make it through without issue. But when something does, the consequences are serious.
There have been many rescues, accidents, and fatalities in the Subway, including falls (http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2013/sep/06/woman-falls-her-death-zion-national-park-while-hik/) and rappel-related incidents (http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/54933651-78/canyon-hosobuchi-park-zion.html.csp). So while the Subway may be “easy” compared to other canyoneering routes, it should never be underestimated.
Variations[edit]
Descending Russell Gulch, Das Boot, or Upper Left Fork require a separate permit. If doing these upper routes and exiting out the Subway an additional permit for the Subway is required. Das Boot and Subway permits and availability information are available here. Russell Gulch and Upper Left Fork permits may be obtained at the Zion Backcountry desk.
Getting There[edit]
The Subway Top-Down can be done either with a car shuttle or by hitchhiking. For both options make your way to the town of Virgin, UT along Highway 9 and drive north on the Kolob Terrace Road (KTR) to the Left Fork Trailhead. This is the exit trailhead where you will leave a vehicle. From here either hitchhike, or drive a second vehicle up the KTR to the Wildcat Canyon Trailhead--which is where you will either leave a vehicle to recover later or simply get dropped off and begin hiking the approach.
NOTE: If hitchhiking it is advised to do so in the morning because:
- There is little if any traffic on the Kolob Terrace Road later in the day or at night.
- You will be clean and dry and therefore people will be more likely to give you a ride.
Approach[edit]
The top-down approach to the Subway includes about 3.5 miles of hiking on a mix of official, maintained trails and unmaintained paths. It also involves some steep downclimbing and a significant amount of sun exposure.
Portions of the route cross open slickrock, while others pass through vegetated terrain. In these areas, where you choose to walk becomes important. Stay on the most obvious, well-worn path rather than wandering across untrampled surfaces or stepping on vegetation. Not only does this help preserve the environment and reduce damage, but keeping traffic confined to a single line makes the route easier for others to follow. Much of the route naturally follows shallow drainages where water flows during storms, which helps minimize vegetation impact.
On sandstone, trails do not naturally wear in, so the only reliable trail markers are small stacks of rocks called cairns. Look for these, but do not add to them or remove them. Leave existing cairns as they are, and do not build your own. Unfortunately, when people build and leave behind rock stacks as artwork in places like this, they can mislead hikers and get people lost. These markers are functional waypoints, not decorations.
NOTE: To make the approach easier to follow, the description below has been subdivided into sections based on the most prominent terrain features.
Maintained Trails and Junctions[edit]
From the Wildcat Canyon Trailhead:
- Follow the Wildcat Canyon Trail for about a mile until you encounter a junction where the Connector Trail merges from the right.
- From here continue on the Wildcat Canyon Trail eastward for just another tenth of a mile until you very shortly reach the junction with the Northgate Peaks trail on the right (south).
- The Northgate Peaks trail heads due south to an overlook but you will only follow it briefly--for about 400 feet--until encountering a clear social trail on the left that spurs southeast down the slope and away from the plateau.
- This social trail is the Left Fork (Subway) Approach route. There may, or may not be signs for some or all of these turns and junctions so be vigilant as many groups have missed these turns in the past.
White Shelf[edit]
After leaving the maintained trail and stepping onto the unmaintained portion of the route, you’ll hike a short distance before reaching the first distinctive landmark: a white sandstone "shelf". This shelf is a natural flat section in the exposed layers of sandstone and runs parallel to a drop-off, not a cliff, on the left that is too steep to comfortably descend. The shelf trends southeast and will be the most intuitive line of travel.
Follow the shelf until it ends at a point where the edge becomes noticeably less steep and the rock forms an easy, well-used downclimb. The descent spot is obvious, as you will see a well-worn path through the sandy soil at the base in the drainage below where other groups have traveled.
Below the shelf, the terrain opens up into sandy soil and low vegetation. This is one of the more sensitive sections of the approach and errant footsteps cause most of the visible impact here. Stay in the most well-traveled path and avoid cutting across undisturbed patches of soil or plants. Cairns appear intermittently, and following the GPX track--downloaded from on this page--can be especially helpful if the path becomes less obvious.
Cliff and Gully[edit]
After traveling through the more vegetated white-sand and brown-dirt section, you’ll reach a small cliff band. At this point the route drops through a gully on the east that you'll downclimb. The downclimbing is pretty easy but the entire gully is well worn from years of use, with tree roots, loose rocks, and smooth patches of polished sandstone. Sit low or butt-scoot where needed, and use rocks or small trees for handholds.
The downclimbing starts immediately, with a couple of short switchbacks at the top to get past the initial lip. After these brief switchbacks, the descent continues as a single, steady slope to the south that you downclimb, or slide, in one direction.
At the base of the gully, the terrain opens into a wider drainage. Here the orange, pink, and red sandstone becomes more prominent, marking the beginning of the first slickrock bowl.
First Slickrock Bowl[edit]
After navigating the cliff and gully, you’ll enter the first slickrock bowl. Here the drainage opens up fairly wide, and you’ll walk downhill on slickrock and sand and through scattered ponderosa pine trees. At the bottom of the bowl, you’ll cross a small watercourse which is the beginning of Russell Gulch. You may or may not even notice the crossing it, depending on conditions.
After crossing Russell Gulch, continue uphill on the far side of the bowl. You’ll immediately see that the route climbs back up across red sandstone as you work your way toward the saddle that separates the first slickrock bowl from the second.
Resting Rocks[edit]
The saddle between the first and second slickrock bowls features a pair of prominent rock domes that make natural spots for a quick rest or to regroup. These domes are colloquially known as Resting Rocks. The Subway route can be a very long day, so taking a brief break here is fine—but don’t linger too long. There’s still a demanding journey ahead, and it’s important not to burn too much time resting early in the day.
From Resting Rocks, the views are very picturesque as you peer into the second sandstone bowl and beyond. This bowl is even wider and more scenic than the first. If you look south, you can see a promontory in the distance. This is generally the spot you’ll be aiming for. You will not hike directly to the top of the promontory, but you will travel to and around it before dropping into the drainage below. Taking note of this feature from Resting Rocks can help you identify your line of travel.
Second Slickrock Bowl[edit]
From Resting Rocks, the route drops into the second slickrock bowl. This bowl is even more wide open and sun-exposed than the first. It isn’t steep, but over the long, low-angled walk down the slope you may begin to feel your thighs starting to burn a bit. There should be several rock cairns to follow, although the shape of the bowl naturally pushes you in the correct direction as you descend.
At the bottom of the bowl, you’ll cross another small watercourse that you may or may not even notice. Beyond this point, the terrain doesn’t climb steeply uphill the way the first bowl does. Instead, it undulates gently up and down and moves through more vegetated terrain as the route continues toward the prominent point visible from Resting Rocks. The line of travel will also bend from southeast to due south as it approaches that feature.
To your right (west), the Russell Gulch drainage now becomes much deeper and more obvious and prominent. Russel Gulch is the side drainage running generally parallel to you.
Overlook and Down Climb[edit]
As you get close to the promontory, the route skirts around its west side and ends at an overlook. From this vantage, you’ll be able to see into both Russell Gulch and the Left Fork of North Creek.
From here, the route drops dramatically down into Russell Gulch via a steep downclimb, The downclimb is very well worn, with plenty of tree roots, loose rocks, and smoothed sandstone. It isn’t particularly exposed or difficult, but you do need to exercise some care. The biggest hazard is the potential for people to kick rocks or debris onto others below, especially if the group is bunched up. Spread out and descend carefully.
Bottom of Russell Gulch[edit]
The downclimb places you in the bottom of Russell Gulch (a side canyon to the Left Fork of North Creek), in an area where you’ll often encounter a pool of water whose size and depth vary by season. Sometimes it’s full enough that you’ll need to walk through water; other times it’s much shallower. From this point, it’s only a few hundred yards to the junction with the Left Fork, where you officially enter the Subway route and begin the technical portion of the canyon.
Most groups pause here to regroup after the downclimb. Some use this spot for a quick snack or an extended break to change into wetsuits and gear up for the technical section; others prefer to continue farther downstream and wait until the first obstacle or deeper water before suiting up. Either approach is fine—just try to avoid doing both. If half the group gears up or takes a long break here while the other half plans to wait, you’ll end up with two extended stops: one at Russell Gulch and another a short distance down canyon when the rest of the group finally needs to suit up. This eats up far more time than people expect and can make the day significantly longer. To stay efficient—without rushing—communicate a plan at the top of the downclimb so everyone knows whether the group is gearing up here or waiting until later.
Descent[edit]
Main Technical Route[edit]
Once in the Left Fork of North Creek drainage follow the river down stream. From here there won't be any trails as you are now in the river gorge and the watercourse. This is where the technical portion of the route begins. As you make your way down canyon you will encounter some small up climbs, down climbs, and a few rappels on your way to the Subway proper. Once in sight of the Subway proper section there will be a waterfall and a final rappel off of two bolts on the RDC (Right Down Canyon) side. In the past there was a log at the top off the waterfall that could be crossed; however that log has been gone for over a decade now. While it is possible to jump the gap over the waterfall, it is not advised to do so. People jumping this gap have had close calls and landed with bad footing. If you find beta that says you do not need to rappel or that you can cross on the log then that beta is outdated and no longer applicable.
Rappels[edit]
The Subway Top-Down Route is a technical canyoneering route so expect there to be up to four possible rappels (depending on skill level and water level) but at least one mandatory rappel. All rappels are easy by canyoneering standards; however, by novice or beginner standards they are nothing to take lightly. Even the smallest rappel in the Subway has claimed a life. Don't underestimate the technicality of the Subway.
- R1: 25 feet - Anchored from bolts on downstream face of large, flat rock center canyon. This can be bypassed by downclimbing the rabbit hole RDC between the canyon wall and the boulder. This flares out at the bottom so may not be advisable for everyone.
- R2: 10 feet - Anchored from a rock pinch into a constriction with a smooth, nearly-spherical boulder at its base; a likely down-climb for skilled teams.
- R3 Keyhole Falls: 15 feet - Anchored from bolts RDC. This is the site of one death when the rappeler was inverted under the water flow and was unable to free himself.
- R4: 20 feet - Anchored from two bolts above a small pothole RDC.
Exit[edit]
From the end of the technical section it is about 3.5 miles back to the Left Fork Trailhead. This exit includes roughly 2.2 miles of hiking in the river, followed by about a mile or so of trail-like travel with a few remaining river crossings, a steep uphill climb, and a final stretch across the plateau.
River Hiking[edit]
Just below the Subway—with the iconic tunnel is still in view—is an ideal place to rest, refuel, and rehydrate before you begin the exit hike. This is also a great place to remove harnesses, wetsuits, and other technical gear and stow them in your backpack since they will not be needed during the exit.
Once you leave this the resting spot the character of the canyon changes quickly. The canyon begins to open up more. The walls further apart are less vertical. The first few hundred yards feature two distinct sections of wide, gently-sloped sections of redrock slabs. The rock is carver with fissures and shallow water channels. These slabs can be extremely slippery--even when dry. There are some shallow, sculpted and stepped falls on which a bit of playful sliding is possible, but caution is warranted as you can get banged up sliding down.
Beyond the res slabs, the terrain shifts into sustained boulder-hopping. From this point forward, expect about 2.2 miles of travel in the main watercourse. This includes frequent boulder-hopping, occasional downclimbs, and consistently uneven footing. Some hikers find this stretch enjoyable; others find it exhausting. Informal social trails appear along the banks from time to time, but staying in the creek is almost always the most efficient option. These side trails are intermittent, fragile, and discouraged by the park due to vegetation damage and erosion. Many hikers assume they offer easier passage, but searching for them often takes more time and energy than simply committing to the boulders directly ahead.
As you continue downstream, the canyon opens enough that a more continuous—though still unmaintained—informal trail develops on the north side of the canyon. This path becomes easier to follow and provides a break from the constant rock-hopping. It generally continues for about a mile until you reach the point where the route leaves the watercourse and begins the steep climb out.
"Little Girl's Misery" Hill Climb[edit]
At the point where you leave the watercourse, the route turns sharply uphill and steeply climbs a series of loose, rocky switchbacks to the plateau. Over the years this hill climb has earned a reputation for being a grueling, exhausting slog. That reputation gave rise to its tongue-in-cheek nickname, “Little Girl’s Misery,” a playful riff on “Fat Man’s Misery,” a canyoneering route south of the park.
While the climb can be challenging, its difficulty is often overstated. Much of the struggle comes from timing: it arrives exactly when most people are at peak fatigue after hours of cold water, uneven footing, and technical travel. Legs are tired, energy is low, and motivation tends to dip. It also feels tougher for those who aren’t used to steep climb-outs or who may not be as fit as they hoped at the start of the day. That combination is a big part of why the hill developed its reputation. At a steady pace with a few short breaks, most hikers get up it without trouble, even if it takes real effort at the end of a long day. A bit of mental preparation makes all the difference.
At the base of the climb there is sometimes a small sign marking the turn, but it isn’t reliable. Flash floods wash it out regularly, and even when it’s present it’s remarkably easy to walk right past without realizing it. This junction is one of the most commonly missed points on the entire route.
Missing the turn is not a small mistake. If you continue downstream instead of climbing out, the canyon stretches on for miles before possible exit points. Plenty of groups have made this error—some because they never saw the sign, some because they didn’t recognize the faint trail on the right, and others because they reached the junction late in the day and were hiking out in the dark. It’s a good reminder that canyoneering often takes longer than expected. Always carry reliable, waterproof headlamps and be fully prepared to complete the exit in the dark if necessary.
Plateau[edit]
After topping out from the switchbacks, the character of the hike shifts and becomes easier. The final walk follows a well-worn trail across open scrub oak terrain, trending gently uphill and then flattening out as it approaches the Left Fork Trailhead. Although this section is far less strenuous than the climb below, tired legs and accumulated mileage can still make it feel longer than it is. Expect roughly half a mile of straightforward walking before reaching the parking lot and your exit vehicle.
Equipment Needed[edit]
Personal Protective Equipment[edit]
For the technical section each member of your group will need, at a minimum, the following personal gear:
- Harness
- Helmet
- Descender (Note: Most canyoneering routes demand a modern, canyoneering-specific descender; however, for the Subway an ATC or Figure-8 will be acceptable.)
- 1-2 locking carabiners
- Leather gloves
- Headlamp (Water-proof) in case you have to exit in the dark (happens more that you'd think)
Other Personal Items[edit]
- Closed-toe shoes with good traction (sandals, flip fops, Chacos, etc. not advised)
- Dry Bag to keep items from getting soaked
- A backpack that is able to fit all your equipment, supplies, and wetsuit in it
- 2-3 liters of water. Best stored in separate hard-sided bottles, such as Nalgenes, rather than a CamelBak or bladder. Water bladders have been know to leak and loose all water in canyons.
- WAG Bag to pack out solid human waste
Group Technical Gear / Skills[edit]
- 60 feet of static rope. This will allow your group to rappel the longest drop using either a double-strand or single-strand technique. Note: The stretch from a dynamic rock-climbing rope causes damage and grooves in sandstone canyons and is discourage for canyoneering; however, for the short drops from well-place bolts in the Subway, a dynamic climbing rope will be acceptable if that is what you have access to. Any other rope, such as hardware store rope is unsafe.
- Webbing and quicklinks in case any anchors or handlines need to be installed or replaced
- The tools and ability to rescue a person stuck on rope or inverted when rappelling
- All the other general equipment and skills for hiking that a group should possess
- Navigation aid such as map and compass or better yet a GPS or Smartphone mapping and with both the GPX track from this page and offline map layers DOWNLOADED TO YOUR DEVICE.
Should You Wear a Wetsuit in the Subway?[edit]
The question of whether to wear a wetsuit in the Subway comes up often—especially among novice canyoneers. While it is technically possible to descend the route without one, even on very hot summer days, bringing a wetsuit is still strongly recommended.
The Subway is one of the most popular technical canyons in Zion National Park. The park issues up to 80 permits per day, and the route frequently operates at or near full capacity. Because most groups start around the same time, congestion is common. Bottlenecks at rappels, downclimbs, and other obstacles are not unusual and can lead to extended wait times. Even if you don't encounter other groups, waiting your turn in your own group can take some time.
During delays or wait times, you may find yourself standing in cold water, wet, and in the shade for long periods of time. In the narrower sections, updrafts often blow up-canyon which can chill you very quickly especially if you're wet. The Subway is also spring-fed, so even in low-water conditions there are always pools of cold water to negotiate. Under these conditions, a wetsuit isn’t just helpful—it’s a smart margin of safety, even in the middle of summer.
You may see trip reports or reviews where people say a wetsuit isn't needed and that the “ it wasn’t that cold,” or that they were cold and "shivering like crazy" but "warmed up in the sun". And it’s true—many people do the Subway without a wetsuit and get by. However those reports rely on the assumption: that nothing goes wrong, and that you’re always able to keep moving and warm back up when needed, that the sun will reach the canyon floor. If you get delayed, injured, stuck waiting on other groups, or simply fail to warm up as quickly as expected, that assumption falls apart. Even on hot days, it doesn’t take long to become chilled, and hypothermia is a real possibility.
Repeated cycles of getting cold and warming back up also take a toll as they drain energy and slow movement. If people do become hypothermic, mental clarity, motor skills, and decision-making decline—often without the person realizing it’s happening. That’s a bad place to be in a technical canyon.
If you’re a novice or casual canyoneer and find yourself asking whether you should bring a wetsuit, that’s usually a sign that you don’t yet have the experience to reliably judge when you can safely skip one. Going without a wetsuit often amounts to gambling on ideal conditions and smooth progress. Sometimes that gamble pays off. Sometimes it doesn’t. The margin for error is smaller than it looks.
Packing a wetsuit is not especially difficult, and carrying one through the canyon is far easier than dealing with the consequences of not having it when conditions change. The safer choice is simple: bring the wetsuit. It is far better to have one and not need it than the other way around.
What Kind of Wetsuit Works Best?[edit]
When looking for a wetsuit, it helps to understand how thickness is measured. Wetsuits are measured in millimeters. Some have a single thickness throughout and use one number, like 3 mm. Others use two numbers, like 3/2 mm or 4/3 mm, where the first number refers to the thicker torso panel and the second refers to the thinner limb panels.
- Full-length wetsuit: Long sleeves and long legs. For most conditions, look for common thicknesses like 3/2 mm or 4/3 mm.
- Farmer John wetsuit: Sleeveless top with full-length legs. Often works well when paired with a wetsuit jacket. These are commonly 3 mm.
- Shorty wetsuit: Short sleeves and short legs. Better than nothing, but usually not enough for long waits in cold water.
What About a Dry Suit?[edit]
A dry suit is generally overkill for the Subway. It’s only needed in winter, when ice and snow are present, or during high-flow conditions such as spring melt. If you’re a novice canyoneer even thinking about attempting the Subway under those circumstances, you’re in over your head—winter canyoneering requires a completely different skill set, advanced training, and experience, and high flows introduce serious swiftwater hazards. For summer trips, stick with a wetsuit.
For an understanding of high-flow conditions in the Subway and the consequences please watch the Great Subway Escape:
Red tape[edit]
Permit Availability and Routes[edit]
A permit is required for the Subway and is difficult to get. The permits for the Subway operate differently from most Zion permits in that they are awarded as part of a lottery system rather than just the first-come, first-served calendar. The park issues 80 spots per day, shared between both the Top-Down canyoneering route and the Bottom-Up hiking route. Zion does not separate permits between these routes—it’s all one combined quota.
- 60 spots are distributed via an advance lottery.
- Any unclaimed spots roll over to the first-come, first-served calendar.
- The remaining 20 spots are released via a Last-Minute Drawing held the week of the trip.
When you apply, you must select an entry point, which determines your route:
- Wildcat Canyon Trailhead - This is the start for the Top-Down Canyoneering route
- Left Fork (Subway) Trailhead - This is the start for the Bottom-Up Hiking route
If you select the wrong one during the application, you cannot edit it through recreation.gov. However, once your reservation is confirmed and you're ready to print your permit (online or in person), you can change your entry point at that time. The park doesn’t track permits by route—only by total daily user count.
Group Size Limit[edit]
The Subway has a group size limit of 12, which is higher than the standard limit of 6 found in most other technical canyons in Zion. This is a hard limit. Zion defines a “group” as any people with a shared affiliation (e.g., club, friends, coworkers, scouts, family) entering the same canyon on the same day—even if they’re using separate permits. Affiliation matters more than permit paperwork. No matter how many permits are held, the total headcount for an affiliated group cannot exceed 12. https://www.nps.gov/zion/planyourvisit/canyoneeringregulations.htm
Permit Reservations vs. Actual Permits[edit]
When you successfully apply, what you receive is a permit reservation, not the actual permit. A permit reservation does not guarantee you an actual permit either. The park service may decline to issue you a permit due to weather-related closures or other reasons. The actual permit will not be available to obtain or print (paper or digital copy) until a few days before your trip. There are two options for printing or obtaining the actual permit:
- In person, at the Zion Wilderness Desk
- Online, through your recreation.gov account (But only if 1) you have a current Zion Wilderness account linked to your recreaction.gov account and 2) you applied for your permit reservation while logged into that account. If you did not, or your ZWR account was not linked or expired you will not be able to transfer the reservation to a ZWR status and will instead have to pick up the permit in person at the Zion Wilderness Desk.)
To print online, your Zion Wilderness account must be set up and linked by park staff. This part of the system is unintuitive and often confuses people. If you don’t have the accounts properly connected, go to the desk in person. More info here: https://www.nps.gov/zion/planyourvisit/canyoneeringpermits.htm
Beta sites[edit]
BluuGnome.com : The Subway- Chris Brennen's Adventure Hikes (Southwest) : The Subway
- RoadTripRyan.com : The Subway (From the Top)
- CanyoneeringUSA.com : Subway (From the Top)
- HikeArizona.com : Zion Subway Top to Bottom
Zion Canyoneering Book by Tom Jones : Subway from the Top- ToddsHikingGuide.com : The Subway
- CanyonCollective.com : The Subway
- Super Amazing Map : The Subway
- ZionCanyoneering.com : The Subway from the Top
- SummitPost.org : The Subway
- Climb-Utah.com : Subway - Left Fork of North Creek
Trip reports and media[edit]
- https://www.stavislost.com/hikes/trail/south-guardian-angel-and-the-subway
- Chasing Adventure : May 27th, 2017
- Climb Utah Subway Canyon Video
- https://www.facebook.com/pat.winstanley.7/media_set?set=a.733327280059305.1073741925.100001461198708&type=3
- Candition.com : The Subway: Left Fork North Creek
Wikiloc.com : Subway Canyon - Zion National Park*- Das Boot and The Subway, Bob Allan, 2016
- [1] : Bogley Trip report Russell Gulch/Subway